Survey of behavioral problems and sensory processing in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Objectives: All individuals need to have the ability of appropriate sensory processing for proper functioning in the environment and participation in daily activities. Moreover, behavioral functions can be affected by sensory processing problems

This Study aimed to determine the relationship between behavioral problems and sensory processing in 7 to 10 years old children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder [ADHD]

Methods: This descriptive [cross-sectional] Study included 60 children with ADHD aged 7 to 10 years, who were referred to a comprehensive psychiatric center. Short Sensory Profile [SSP] and Child Behavior Checklist [CBCL] questionnaires were used for assessing the patterns of sensory processing and behavioral problems in the patients

Results: There was a negative correlation between internalizing behavioral problems [r=-0.426] and externalizing behavioral problems [r=-0.465], and the total score of sensory processing in ADHD children [P<0.05]

Discussion: The findings of this Study showed that some behaviors in children with ADHD could be due to certain defects in their sensory processing

[Comparison of participation between children with cerebral palsy and typically developing peers 8-14 years old in leisure activities]

Children's participation in leisure and recreational activities is associated with their well-being. The Purpose of this study was to compare of participation between children with cerebral palsy and typically developing peers 8-14 years old. In this cross sectional study, 30 children with cerebral palsy [mean age: 11 years and 1 month] from special education school and 30 typically developing peers [11 years and 6 months] from typical schools through convenient nonprobability sampling were selected. Participants were evaluated with the Children's Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment [CAPE].The data were analyzed by spss17. There were significant differences between children with cerebral palsy and typically developing peers [p= 0.000] in diversity scale. The intensity of participation in peer group was more than children with cerebral palsy [p=0.000]. No significant differences were found between the groups in the enjoyment. There were no significant main effects of gender, also significant interaction effect between group type and gender for CAPE variables. The participation of peer group in most activities was more than children with cerebral palsy. Physical disability can affect participation of children in everyday activities and socialization. Knowledge about participation of cerebral palsy children can help to health care professional to establish interventions that fit with children's preferences and can promote their health and participation

Perceived maternal parenting self-efficacy: translation and face validation with Iranian mothers of hospitalized preterm neonates

Mothers' perception of their ability to parenting [maternal parenting self-efficacy] is a critical issue that influences their interactions with their preterm neonates. For better support of these mothers, a robust tool is needed which can measure mothers' perception of their ability to understand and care for their preterm neonates as well as being sensitive to the various levels and tasks in parenting. This study aimed to translate and test the face validity of Persian version of Perceived Maternal Parenting Self-Efficacy [PMP S-E] tool with Iranian mothers of hospitalized preterm neonates. The translation and validation was done in some steps. Forward translated by three independent translators and backward translated by two other translators who were blind to source version. Then, the face validity was evaluated by 10 mothers and the expert panel. At last, the tool adapted and approved by an expert committee. The Persian version of PMP S-E tool demonstrated good face validity regarding its items' relevancy and clearance. The PMP S-E was successfully translated and adapted into Persian with good face validity. However, further study is needed for evaluating its reliability in Iran and for Iranian mothers of hospitalized preterm neonates

Quality of developmental screening of 3-12-month infants through comparing with screening by Bayley infant neurodevelopmental screener II

Monitoring development in infancy results in early detection of developmental delay, and early intervention can prevent sever complications of developmental disorders. The purpose of this study was to determine quality of developmental screening of 3- 12 months infants referred to Tehran Health Centers, through comparing with screening by Bayley Infant Neurodevelopmental Screener II [BINS II]. This was a cross- sectional study. 155 infants of 3-12 months old, recourse to Tehran Health Centers, screened developmentally with BINS II and its results was compared with results of routine clinical examination of Tehran Health Centers. Kappa agreement between results of BINS II and results of routine developmental screening of Tehran Health Centers' clinical examination of 3- 12- month old infants was poor [0.18]. Routine clinical examination in Tehran Health Centers, in compare with applying standard screening tools, cannot screen all infants at risk of developmental delay and ignores many of them which should be considered either for follow up or for receiving early intervention services

Parent's learning strategies: a qualitative study on parents of preterm infants

This study aimed to understand the learning strategies of parents of preterm infants, hospitalized in NICU. This study was performed by qualitative research approach. Twelve participants including nine parents whose infants were admitted in NICU, two nurses and one physician, all selected by purposive sampling method were interviewed by a female expert occupational therapist. Data were gathered by semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed by inductive content analysis approach. Three subcategories emerged from data analysis expressed learning strategies of parents of preterm infants hospitalized in NICU. These subcategories were: Asking question, Getting help, Learning caring skills. Preterm infants' parents stated that they do not have enough ability and knowledge for managing their feelings and needs. So, they seek for resources of help and apply some special strategies for playing parental roles correctly

Effects of tactile-kinesthetic stimulation on low birth weight neonates

Low Birth Weight [LBW] [1500gr

Prevalence of flat foot: comparison between male and female primary school students

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of flat foot in a population of 7-12 year old students and to investigate the relationship between flat foot and age and sex. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 945 students [460 girls and 485 boys] were examined. The presence of flatfoot and the degree of its severity according to Tachdjian's system of grading for flatfoot was assessed. The data showed that the overall prevalence of flat foot was 74% out of which 23% were mild, 34% were moderate and 17% were severe. The prevalence of flat foot in girl and boy students were 75.2% and 72.6% respectively, but this difference was not significant. Moreover, no significant relationship was observed between the prevalence of flat foot and age. This study showed that flat foot is a common problem among primary school students and should be addressed by responsible organizations

[Comparing the motor behaviors between normal and low birth weight neonates]

According to studies conducted by the World Health Organization, every year nearly 25 million neonates are born with Low Birth Weight [LBW]. Many researches show that LBW infants who stay alive, suffer from physical, mental and social problems more than the appropriate birth weight infants. Although developmental assessment of neonates is very difficult in the first days of life, it is important to diagnose and treat the problems at an early stage. The present study was done to compare the motor behaviors between normal and LBW neonates. This research was a cross sectional study in which 80 neonates were randomly allocated into LBW [40] and normal birth weight [40] groups. Motor behaviors of neonates were evaluated with Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale [NBAS] on the first day of life. All measurements were taken with the same equipment and by the same person. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 18 and Independent T-test. Results demonstrated that general tone [p=0.01], motor maturity [p= 0.001] and pull to sit [p=0.005] showed significant differences between two groups. According to the findings of the current study, LBW neonates show more immature motor behavior than neonates with normal weight and are at lower level. It seems that these neonates may be at risk of motor impairments and require intensive care and earlier supplementary intervention

[ performance of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in a visual attention test]

Line bisection test is used for detecting inattention. In this test normal people usually show a rightward bias which indicates right hemisphere dominancy for visuo-spatial attention processing. The performance of people with Attention deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder [ADHD] in these kinds of visuo-spatial tests is different from normal people. The difference could be as a result of right hemisphere deficit in cases with ADHD. The aim of this study is comparing visuo-spatial attention in children with ADHD-combined subtype and normal children. In this cross-sectional study, the performance of 15 children with ADHD-combined subtype was compared with the performance of 15 children while matched for age, sex and IQ. The direction of each group bias was determined in line bisection test. In ADHD-combined subtype group, bisected lines showed significant right side bias [p=0.005]. Normal group also showed a rightward bias but it was not significant [p=0.08]. In addition there was no significant difference between the two groups performance in this test. Both normal and ADHD-combined subtype groups showed a rightward bias in line bisection test and there was no difference between the two groups performance. More future studies are needed